Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O’odham Students

Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Insufficiency, Visual Symptoms, and Astigmatism in Tohono O'odham Students

Purpose. To determine rate of convergence insufficiency (CI) and accommodative insufficiency (AI) and assess the relation between CI, AI, visual symptoms, and astigmatism in school-age children. Methods. 3rd-8th-grade students completed the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) and binocular vision testing with correction if prescribed. Students were categorized by astigmatism magnitu...

Accommodative insufficiency is the primary source of symptoms in children diagnosed with convergence insufficiency.

PURPOSE Accommodative insufficiency (AI) and convergence insufficiency (CI) have been associated with similar symptomology and frequently present at the same time. The severity of symptomology in CI has been linked to the severity of the CI, suggesting a dose-dependent relationship. However, with increasing severity of CI also comes increased comorbidity of AI. AI alone has been shown to cause ...

Alcohol as an alternative therapy in accommodative and convergence insufficiency.

Diagnostic signs of accommodative insufficiency.

PURPOSE To determine which are the most sensitive tests, together with accommodative amplitude, to classify accommodative insufficiency (Al), we analyzed the relation between monocular estimated method (MEM) dynamic retinoscopy, monocular and binocular accommodative facility (MAF, BAF), and positive relative accommodation (PRA) with or without the presence of reduced amplitude of accommodation....

Convergence Insufficiency

Types of Convergence (1) Voluntary Convergence – Amount of Convergence of visual axes that can be produced at will (2) Reflex convergence Convergence of visual axes which is not under complete voluntary control and it has four components – a. Tonic convergence – Due to inherent innervational tone of extra ocular muscles. b. Fusional convergence -The convergence that is produced to ensure that s...